Arabic language validation of TANGO questionnaire for nocturia: A translation into the Arabian Peninsula dialect

Aims Targeting the Aetiology of Nocturia to Guide Outcomes (TANGO) is a validated English language questionnaire to identify underlying factors leading to nocturia. We set out to provide a culturally correct Arabic version of the TANGO questionnaire in Saudi Arabia. Methods The English version underwent forwarded and backward translation. The final version was administered to native Arabic speaking hospital employees and patients. Test-retest reliability and the clarity of questions were determined by Kappa and Cronbach's alpha statistics. Results The translation: The median Likert score for translated questions was >= 4 with a Cronbach's alpha.865. Test-retest reliability: Thirty employees answered the questionnaire. The median, standard deviation (SD), and range were age 29.0 +/- 11.0 years (20-55), and nocturia 1.0 +/- 0.96 episodes per night (0-4). Three questions had identical constant answers and no Kappa values were computed. Based on prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted Kappa (PABAK) values, 10 questions had a "very good" agreement, eight questions had a "good" agreement, and one item had a "moderate" agreement. The range of PABAK was 0.53 to 1,P < .01. Clarity of questions: The employees had a median Likert score of 5.0 with a Cronbach's alpha.961. Thirty-two patients answered the questionnaire. The median, SD, and range were age 40.0 +/- 15.4 years (17-79), and nocturia 1.0 +/- 1.6 episodes per night (0-6). The median item score on the Likert scale was 5.0, with a Cronbach's alpha.909. A total of 29 (90.6%) patients stated that the questions were clear or needed no help to fill in the questionnaire. Conclusion The Arabic language translation of TANGO questionnaire is a valid tool in the dialect of Saudi Arabia.