Construction Safety Risk Assessment and Early Warning of Nearshore Tunnel Based on BIM Technology

The challenging nature of nearshore tunnel construction environments introduces a multitude of potential hazards, consequently escalating the likelihood of incidents such as water influx. Existing construction safety risk management methodologies often depend on subjective experiences, leading to inconsistent reliability in assessment outcomes. The multifaceted nature of construction safety risk factors, their sources, and structures complicate the validation of these assessments, thus compromising their precision. Moreover, risk assessments generally occur pre-construction, leaving on-site personnel incapable of recommending pragmatic mitigation strategies based on real-time safety issues. To address these concerns, this paper introduces a construction safety risk assessment approach for nearshore tunnels based on multi-data fusion. In addressing the issue of temporal effectiveness when the conflict factor K in traditional Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidence theory nears infinity, the confidence Hellinger distance is incorporated for improvement. This is designed to accurately demonstrate the degree of conflict between two evidence chains. Subsequently, an integrated evaluation of construction safety risks for a specific nearshore tunnel in Ningbo is conducted through the calculation of similarity, support degree, and weight factors. Simultaneously, the Revit secondary development technology is utilized to visualize risk monitoring point warnings. The evaluation concludes that monitoring point K7+860 exhibits a level II risk, whereas other monitoring points maintain a normal status.