Tumor localization by Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2.1 predicts prognosis of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy

An improved reading agreement rate has been reported in version 2.1 (v2.1) of the Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) compared with earlier versions. To determine the predictive efficacy of bi-parametric MRI (bp-MRI) for biochemical recurrence (BCR), our study assessed PI-RADS v2.1 score and tumor location in Japanese prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 299 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at Chiba University Hospital between 2006 and 2018. The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level before surgery was 7.6 ng/mL. Preoperative PI-RADS v2.1 categories were 1-2, 3, 4, and 5 in 35, 56, 138, and 70 patients, respectively. Tumor location on preoperative MRI was 107 in the transition zone (TZ) and 192 in the peripheral zone (PZ). BCR-free survival was significantly shorter in the PZ group (p = 0.001). In the total prostatectomy specimens, preoperative PI-RADS category 5, radiological tumor location, pathological seminal vesicle invasion, and Grade Group & GE; 3 were independent prognostic factors of BCR. These four risk factors have significant potential to stratify patients and predict prognosis. Radiological tumor location and PI-RADS v2.1 category using bp-MRI may enable prediction of BCR following radical prostatectomy.