A review on the effects of shoulder diameter to pin diameter (D/d) ratio on friction stir welded aluminium alloys

Friction stir welding is a predominant procedure to bind numerous materials. An optimal parameter is vital to create a better and defect-free weld. The thermomechanical joining methods have a unique advantage, and it needs an appropriate key variable for better joining. Though many parameters control the process, the D/d ratio and rotational speed are the key factors. An aluminium alloy with a similar and dissimilar joint was considered. The association of the D/d ratio of a straight cylindrical pin with rotational speed and welding speed on an aluminium alloy butt joint was studied. In addition to various parameters, the D/d ratio immensely impacts mechanical strength and grain refinement. A shoulder diameter to pin diameter ratio of three significantly increases the tensile strength, joint efficiency, and elongation. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Second International Conference on Aspects of Materials Science and Engineering (ICAMSE 2021).