Predicting Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury from Associated Intestinal and Lung Dysbiosis in Neonatal Mice

Background: Preclinical studies have demonstrated that hyperoxia disrupts the intestinal barrier, changes the intestinal bacterial composition, and injures the lungs of newborn animals. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of hyperoxia on the lung and intestinal microbiota and the communication between intestinal and lung microbiota and to develop a predictive model for the identification of hyperoxia-induced lung injury from intestinal and lung microbiota based on machine learning algorithms in neonatal mice. Methods: Neonatal C57BL/6N mice were reared in either room air or hyperoxia (85% O-2) from postnatal days 1-7. On postnatal day 7, lung and intestinal microbiota were sampled from the left lung and lower gastrointestinal tract for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Tissue from the right lung and terminal ileum were harvested for Western blot and histology analysis. Results: Hyperoxia induced intestinal injury, decreased intestinal tight junction expression, and impaired lung alveolarization and angiogenesis in neonatal mice. Hyperoxia also altered intestinal and lung microbiota and promoted bacterial translocation from the intestine to the lung as evidenced by the presence of intestinal bacteria in the lungs of hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice. The relative abundance of these bacterial taxa was significantly positively correlated with the increased lung cytokines. Conclusions: Neonatal hyperoxia induced intestinal and lung dysbiosis and promoted bacterial translocation from the intestine to the lung. Further studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiology of bacterial translocation to the lung.