Integration of Energy Harvesting and Electrochemical Storage Devices

Multifunctional energy devices with various energy forms in different operation modes are under current research focus toward the new-generation smart and self-powered electronics. In this review, the recent progress made in developing integrated/joint multifunctional energy devices, with a focus on electrochromic batteries/supercapacitors, and solar cells powered batteries/supercapacitors, is summarized. The different integration modes and design strategies are highlighted and their merit/demerits are also discussed. The authors' opinions on future research toward smart multifunctional energy devices are provided at the end.