Green and Resilient Design of Electricity Supply Chain Networks: A Multiobjective Robust Optimization Approach

Smart grids provide great opportunities for design and implementation of sustainable and efficient electricity supply chains that are more resilient to disruptions. The problem with electricity supply chain network design (ESCND) using smart grid has not been broadly explored by researchers. This paper aims to approach this problem using a multiobjective robust optimization method. The three objectives are economic (profit maximization), environmental (greenhouse gas emissions minimization), and resilience (network resilience maximization). Efficiency maximization-power loss minimization-has also been taken into account using its corresponding cost element in the economic objective function. The proposed approach accounts for different unique smart grid components such as demand side management programs, microgrid structure, two-way distribution lines, and supplier-consumer nodes, while incorporating different interrelated decisions including facility location, capacity expansion, load allocation, and pricing. To solve the resultant model, a hybrid multiobjective robust optimization technique is proposed based on cutting plane and AUGMECON2 algorithms. The proposed model and solution approach are then applied to an actual case study and the produced results are thoroughly analyzed. We find that while economic and environmental objectives can be strictly conflicting, the implementation of smart grids can result in concurrent boost in both environmental performance and network resilience.