An optimization approach for sustainable and resilient closed-loop floating solar photovoltaic supply chain network design

Growing energy demand and its consequences, such as fossil fuel depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming, prompted the need for large-scale solar power plants. Floating photovoltaic systems have many advantages over ground-mounted systems, including methods and resources, reducing costs, and improving efficiency. In this regard, this study aims at presenting an optimization model for developing a sustainable and resilient floating solar photovoltaic supply chain network design. The concerned model's objective function is minimizing the total supply chain costs in addition to maximizing greenhouse gas emissions reduction. To identify the most suitable dams for establishing the floating photovoltaic system, the hybrid approach by applying the fuzzy best-worst method and the TOPSIS technique is first exploited. Thereinafter, the selected dams are exerted in the presented mathematical model. Eventually, a real case study is implemented on floating photovoltaic systems to assess the proposed model's performance, from which important managerial insights are attained.