Leveling influences accuracy

The importance of the measurement of leveling and flatness of surface plate and machine geometry for enhancing accuracy, is discussed. Several measurement techniques are being used, including precision electronic levels, laser interferometers, repeatimeters, and autocollimators. Precision electronic levels can be effectively used to determine the flatness of a surface plate by employing differential measurement. Electronic levels contain pendulum-based system, which is held between differential capacitors as their measuring element. The levels can also be employed in wireless configurations to free the operator from complex cables, and expand the application for levels. Differential measurements can be effective for the measurement of rotational error along the longitudinal axis of a machine table.