Film growth of an organic photoconductor: titanyl-phthalocyanine on an indium-tin-oxide substrate

Thin films of titanyl-phthalocyanine (TiO-Pc) for use as organic photoconductors were fabricated on transparent electrodes, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) using an organic molecular beam deposition (OMBE) technique. TiO-Pc crystallites exhibit island growth on an ITO surface, and the surface morphology and crystal orientation of ITO define the shape of the TiO-Pc crystallites. The individual polycrystalline domains of the ITO substrate restrict the TiO-Pc crystal growth. It was confirmed that TiO-Pc island crystallites were 100-150 nm in height and did not form a thin continuous him with dimensions more than 100 nm. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.