Morphology features of β-Ga 2 O 3 bulk crystals by EFG and CZ methods: A review

High-quality crystals commonly exhibit regular morphology features and symmetries related to their crystal structures. The recognition of morphology features, especially on the shoulder morphology, will provide crucial guidance for the crystal growth and quality control. Here, the morphology features of /3-Ga2O3 bulk crystals were discussed from three aspects of growth technology, orientation of seed crystal as well as pulling and rotation rates. Combined with the theoretical morphology of /3-Ga2O3 crystal, the morphology features of /3-Ga2O3 bulk crystals under different growth conditions were illuminated and summarized. The hexagonal seed crystal was also demonstrated, and more suitable for the growth of /3-Ga2O3 bulk crystals with different principle surfaces by EFG method. The first review in the morphology features will become an important reference for future research on the growth of /3-Ga2O3 bulk crystals.