Associations of Total Protein, Animal Protein, and Plant Protein With the Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

This meta-analysis synthesized findings on the associations between total, animal, and plant protein intake and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality. PubMed and Web of Science were searched from the database establishment to November 2022. Random-effects models were used. Heterogeneity was evaluated with Cochran Q statistic and I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and Egger's test. Twenty-eight studies were identified. Total protein and animal protein were not associated with all-cause, CVD, or cancer mortality. Plant protein was inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Increasing plant protein intake has positive implications for longevity.