Bionic synapses for real-time epileptic seizure control

Real-time optogenetic devices that can intelligently react to abnormal changes in the electrophysiological signals of epilepsy patients are crucial for timely seizure control. Inspired by electrical synapses, we report a bionic synapse built with entirely transparent ionic conductors. This system forms a soft, flexible network that allows free ionic movement, mimicking natural synaptic behavior. The bionic conductive technology is demonstrated in the application for brain signal recording-an emotion detection sensor. We also explore the potential of this technology for use in neural activity detections during optogenetic stimulation and emphasize its advantages in compromising optical recording. Furthermore, we have implemented this device for epileptic seizure control by real-time optogenetic modulation, which offers good potential for brain-machine interfaces in the monitoring and treatment of diseases. Our work highlights the advantages of transparent ionic conductors in combining electrophysiological recording and neural modulation, advancing both neurotechnology and bioelectronics.