Socially Assistive Robots and Sensory Feedback for Engaging Older Adults in Cognitive Activities

Motivating older adults to engage in cognitive activities has the potential to slow cognitive decline. This article presents a participatory design (PD) workshop and follow-up prototype evaluation to determine how cognitive training activities can be adapted to integrate socially assistive robots and sensory feedback (visual, auditory, and haptic, specifically). The workshop with older adults and therapists resulted in concrete designs and strategies for engagement. The second phase of this work was to implement these outcomes into a prototype that incorporated a humanoid robot and sensory feedback, with a particular focus on haptic feedback. The evaluation with eight older adults supported the potential of hand tracking with sensory feedback as an interaction mechanism to foster engagement, where the increased workload notably led to high levels of engagement. The prototype results confirmed the strategies and designs from the PD workshop were effective as a way of engaging older adults in cognitive activities. This article highlights the potential for the unique combination of socially assistive robots and sensory feedback to promote older adults' engagement in cognitive activities.