Advances in halide perovskite semiconductors for energy-integrated and energy-resolved X-ray detection

X-ray and gamma-ray detectors are widely used in medical, military, security, material analysis, and industrial inspection. In recent years, perovskite materials have become promising materials for radiation detection owing to their strong stopping power, considerable carrier transportation ability, and simple synthesis process. Previous studies have demonstrated both direct and indirect radiation detectors using perovskite materials. In this review, we aim to elucidate the mechanism by which X-rays and gamma-rays interact with matter, explain the principles of the energy integrating mode and photon counting mode for direct detection, and discuss the key factors determining device performance. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in perovskite-based radiation detectors for both modes. Additionally, we identify challenges that need to be overcome to enable perovskite materials to be successfully commercialized.