Reviewing the Spanish-Portuguese border: Conflict, interaction and cross-border cooperation

European borders, or borders between European Union member states, are historical products that embody the ebbs and flows of European borderlands. These areas are evolving from past struggles and confrontations between European kingdoms toward a future of progressive European integration. Such processes are highly complex, as they involve border deactivation. In this work, we examine the evolution of the Spanish-Portuguese border from the perspective of cross-border interaction.