The work tries to establish the multidimensionality of causes and consequences of the inequality, in order to include/understand its normative projection in the fields of justice and the well-being, in order to tie the market when it tries to be justified in his principles and results. Once obtained the foundations and meaning of the inequality, the work runs about the own components of the phenomenon in Latin America, for which some general characteristics of history are examined, end century is approached the subject of the reforms and its effects, in the intensity to show that the inequality is an investigation object to interdisciplinary, to give an essential sense to the interpretation of the Latin American societies, its international insertion and its political and economic autonomy.