BIRD WINGS AND MATRICES

A simple matrix method for modelling the planform of a bird's wing is introduced. Two important properties of a wing, namely aspect ratio and wing loading, are described and the matrix approach is used to make certain deductions about particular wing plans. Some examples are provided which show how the matrix transformation of one wing plan into another brings about predictable changes in wing properties. The technique is relevant to biological education because it presents a non-trivial yet concrete introduction to matrices and also gives students an appreciation of the role of algebra in shape representation and transformation. Most of the ideas reported in this brief article reflect work carried out by sixth-formers undertaking a cross-disciplinary research project on wing aerodynamics. However, the basic matrix transformation technique has also been used with third-formers; some sixth-form researchers have extended it considerably.