Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in rural areas of Sindh Province of Pakistan

Objective: To diagnose the newly cases of diabetes mellitus in our rural, under-developed area. Design: It was observational study to get data of prevalence about Diabetes Mellitus type I and II. Background: Diabetes Mellitus describes metabolic disorders of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrates, protein and fat metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted at free diabetes clinic Muhammad Medical Hospital Mirpurkhas from first October 2004 to 1st Oct 2008. Patients and methods: Six hundred two Diagnosed Diabetes mellitus patients of both sex male and female divided in two groups. Group one was Diabetes Mellitus type I (30 patients) and group two (572 patients). General physical examination, Blood Pressure, Random Blood Sugar, Fasting Blood Sugar, Haemoglobin(A1C), and weight was calculated and recorded at the time of initially first visit and during study period. Patients of alcoholism, Peptic ulcer, Renal disease, Hepatic disease, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism were excluded from the study. Procedure was explained to patients and written consent of patients was taken and approved by ethical committee of MMC. Data were expressed as the % calculated at the end of study and was analysis by paired 't' test. to determine the significance of difference. Probability value of <0.05 was the limit of significance. Results: Out of 602 selected Diabetes Mellitus Patients 30 patients were suffering from type I and 572 patients were related with type II diabetes mellitus. Difference between these two groups of patients was 90.04 +/- 4.04, which is highly significant having P-value <0.001. When gender related data were analyzed it was observed that out of 602 patients only 222 patients were female. Male patients suffering from diabetes mellitus were 380. Difference between groups is 26.24 +/- 8.47, which is significant when analyzed statistically, showing P-value <0.01. Conclusion: Finally we concluded from our study that diabetes mellitus type II patients are rapidly increasing in number as compared to type I diabetes mellitus.