Starting from spacially different evolution of the rate of unemployment in 1991, there are analyzed the causes of this new phenomena in economic development in Slovak Republic. It seems, regional differentiation of the Slovak economy was caused both, by its structural adjustment in connection with working the transition process factors (including the opening of the economy and destruction of east-markets) and by the relative development level of single regions (economic, social, infrastructural, including their demographical and namely ethnical specifics). The first part of the article leads into a typization of the main groups of structural problematic regions (districts). The next part deals with the development of private businesses in regional cross section, which are hold for germs of a new regional structures of the Slovak Economy. The attention is given to regional results of the "small" privatization, forming of a small businesses and localization of foreign investments. Resulting from above noted, it seems that the mostly affected regions are districts with generally problematic characteristics both, from the point of view of production structures as well as their infrastructural, demographical etc. level. In the last part it is evaluated the situation in regional development of Slovak Republic in 1991. There are illustrated the basic orientations in constituting the regional policy and obstacles of its implementation. Specific attention is given in this connection to a necessity of a rapid reconstitution of the group of small and medium businesses as a natural subjects of a regional economy.
