Lieux de memoire/sites of memories and the Olympic Games: an introduction

In recent decades, research about collective memories of groups or nations has increased decisively. At the same time, 'lieux de memoire' have become an issue of heated debates and controversies about the 'right memories', which may support political claims or even wars. Sports provide excellent opportunities for the representation of groups and nations and for the construction of collective memories which are intertwined with political myths and anchored in cultural values and ideologies. In this article, theoretical approaches to sites of memories, collective symbols, and political myths as well as the politics and processes of remembering are discussed. The theoretical insights are transferred to the field of sport, in particular to the Olympic Games. Not only the competitions but also the buildings, rituals and ceremonies, the athletes and teams, and the audiences have been used to construct, change and revive collective memories. The Games of 1896, the architecture of the Olympic site in Berlin, and the opening ceremony in Sydney in 2000 are used as examples.