132 patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis were included in this bacteriological study of the intrasinus exudate obtained by a radical antrostomy or antral puncture. We found 78.3% aerobes, 21.7% anaerobes, 51.5% gram positive and 48.5% gram negative microorganisms, but no fungi in 120 cultures. The commonest aerobic species was Haemophylus (20%), whereas Peptococcus and Bacteroides were the commonest anaerobes (10%).