Efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization using gelatin sponge particles and metal coils

Background Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization (PTPE) can increase the future liver remnant (FLR) volume before extended liver resection; however, there is no current consensus regarding the best embolic material for PTPE. Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of PTPE using gelatin sponge particles and coils. Material and Methods The medical records of 136 patients who underwent PTPE using gelatin sponge particles and metal coils were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the procedural details, liver volume on CT, and clinical status before and after PTPE. Results The mean FLR volume increased significantly from 390147 cm(3) to 508 +/- 141 cm(3) (P<0.001). A mean of 22.1 +/- 9.4 days after PTPE, the mean increase in the ratio of FLR volume to total liver volume was 9.4 +/- 6.5%. Complications related to PTPE occurred in five patients, including arterial damage (n=4) and biloma (n=1). The white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level increased significantly and then returned to baseline within seven days. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase showed no significant changes. Fever (defined by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0) was reported in 74 patients (54%), but it was generally mild (Grade 1/2; n=72). None of the patients experienced severe complications that required cancellation of surgery. Conclusion PTPE with gelatin sponge particles and coils may impose low physical stress on patients and is a safe method of inducing a significant increase of FLR.