Values of Portuguese/non-Portuguese mothers of kindergarten children, and of kindergarten teachers

The aim of this research was to identify continuities/discontinuities in the values of Portuguese mothers with kindergarten children belonging to high and low socio-cultural backgrounds, mothers from different cultures and kindergarten teachers. The sample was composed of sixty-five mothers (fourteen Roma, fifteen Indian, twelve African, and ten Portuguese from low socio-cultural backgrounds, and fourteen Portuguese from middle and high socio-cultural backgrounds) and fifteen kindergarten teachers, from middle and high socio-cultural backgrounds. They all worked in multicultural classes, and all were aged between 18 and 45. A list of behaviors and open questions about adaptive/non-adaptive behaviors and the metaphor of Adaptive Adult were applied to identify their values. Results show continuities and discontinuities in mothers' and kindergarten teachers' values. The most important were: (1) valuing of autonomy by the kindergarten teachers and Portuguese mothers from high socio-economic backgrounds and (2) valuing of conformity by Indian and Roma mothers. Discontinuities were also observed between (1) kindergarten teachers and all groups of mothers concerning personal fulfillment, only valued by kindergarten teachers, (2) professional fulfillment, only valued by Indian mothers, and (3) self characteristics, only valued by Portuguese mothers from a low socio-economic background. Implications of these results are analyzed with regard to research, the training of kindergarten teachers and the nature of interventions with parents.