Collaborative problem structuring using MARVEL

When faced with wicked and messy problems, practitioners can rely on a variety of problem structuring methods (PSMs). Although previous efforts have been made to combine such methods with simulation, currently, few exist that integrate a simulation capability within problem structuring. Our integrated approach named MARVEL (method to analyse relations between variables using enriched loops) shares some techniques with established methods such as the PSM SODA (strategic options development and analysis), system dynamics, and fuzzy cognitive maps. In addition, MARVEL uses causal loop diagrams that are enriched with qualitatively labelled values and standardized equations. This makes analyses of both model structure and behaviour possible. MARVEL also maintains the benefits of a PSM, such as being cognitively accessible for a wide variety of actors. The current paper presents MARVEL in technical terms, and discusses the similarities and differences it has with the aforementioned methods. We then present a case study that discusses how MARVEL was used in a collaborative setting to facilitate stakeholders' assessment of tactical military actions during stabilization operations.