The article deals with the new approach to Ancient Rome economy investigations in the light of Roman familia, which gave rise to such features as confluence of craft and agriculture within the limits of a single organism, arrival of goods from estates to workshops escaping market, as well as transformation of slave into active figure of economic activity. The rise, decline and transition to the naturalization of the economy is entirely connected with the familia's household development, which strongly attached to self-sufficiency and naturalization increasing more and more.