Environmental and economic sustainability in the Hajj system

Hajj season is considered one of the major events during which many resources are consumed, and huge amounts of waste are produced with feelings estimated at nearly 50 thousand tons. When comparing the occasion of Hajj to other major religious occasions, we find that we have dozens of times the quantities of waste, which indicates that there is a huge drain on natural and economic resources and high levels of pollution in the region that may affect this whole society. Accordingly, the trend towards achieving this principle of circular economy leads to reaching the sustainability of the Hajj system in the holy sites in all environmental, economic, and social aspects and making it a global role model for major events. The review highlights a mechanism to increase the efficiency of the exploitation of natural resources and reduce the consumption of the resources and preserve the natural environment of the holy sites for the longest possible period and reduce the different effects on this region. © 2021, Saudi Society for Geosciences.