Simulation on the cyclic operation of an open borehole thermal energy storage system under regional groundwater flow

Coupled hydrogeological-thermal simulation is performed to analyze the effect of the configuration of boreholes and operation schedule on the performance of the borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) system. This paper presents numerical investigations and thermohydraulic evaluation on the cyclic flow regime operation of open borehole thermal energy storage system under the effects of regional groundwater flow. A three-dimensional numerical model for groundwater flow and heat transport in the ground is used to determine the annual variation of recovery temperature from the thermal energy storage. The model includes the effects of convective and conductive heat transfer, heat loss to the adjacent confining strata, and hydraulic anisotropy. The operation scenario consists of cyclic injection and recovery after holding interval and four periods per year to simulate the seasonal temperature conditions. For different parameters of the system, performances were compared in terms of the variation of extraction temperature. The calculated water temperature at the producing pipe remains relatively constant within a certain range throughout the simulation period. Heat loss, injection/production rate, aquifer thickness, and permeability ratio used in the model are shown to impact the predicted temperature profiles at each stage and the recovery water temperature. The influence of pressure gradient, which determines the direction and velocity of regional groundwater flow, is substantial for all cases considered.