The utilization of waste cooking palm oil as a green carbon source for the growth of multilayer graphene

Waste cooking palm oil (WCPO) has been utilized as a green carbon source for the synthesization of graphene by double thermal chemical vapor deposition. The WCPO was placed in the first furnace (precursor furnace) whereas nickel was placed in the second furnace (deposition furnace). The deposition temperatures were varied between 850 and 1100 °C. Raman results reveal the highest 2-D peak for the sample synthesized at 1000 °C, which indicates the high-quality formation of graphene. Besides, the sample also shows good crystallinity with a sharp peak at 26.8° which represents the hexagonal graphite structure and the introduction of graphene sheet formation. On the other hand, the FESEM image displays hexagonal structures since the graphene layers were formed after the precipitation of the carbon. Meanwhile, the UV-Vis result shows the highest reflectance in the visible light region which indicates the presence of the graphene layer on Ni.