Artificial reef footprint in the United States ocean

被引：0
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作者：
Avery B. Paxton
D’amy N. Steward
Keith J. Mille
Jeffrey Renchen
Zachary H. Harrison
Jordan S. Byrum
Cameron Brinton
Alicia Nelson
Ethan Simpson
Peter J. Clarke
Christopher LaPorta
Patrick D. Barrett
Mark Rousseau
D. Craig Newton
Russell B. Rigby
D. Travis Williams
J. Brooke Shipley
Paul Murakawa
Brendan J. Runde
Kenneth L. Riley
Nathan M. Bacheler
G. Todd Kellison
J. Christopher Taylor
机构：
[1] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service
[2] Duke University,Duke University Marine Lab
[3] Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission,Division of Marine Fisheries Management
[4] North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality,North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries
[5] Georgia Department of Natural Resources,Coastal Resources Division
[6] Virginia Marine Resources Commission,New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife
[7] New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection,Division of Marine Resources
[8] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation,Marine Resources Division
[9] Rhode Island Division of Marine Fisheries,Office of Marine Fisheries
[10] Rhode Island Division of Marine Fisheries,Dickinson Marine Lab, Coastal Fisheries Division
[11] Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management,Division of Aquatic Resources
[12] Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries,Southeast Fisheries Science Center
[13] Annisquam River Station,undefined
[14] Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources,undefined
[15] Mississippi Department of Marine Resources,undefined
[16] Texas Parks and Wildlife Department,undefined
[17] Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources,undefined
[18] The Nature Conservancy,undefined
[19] National Marine Fisheries Service,undefined
[20] University of Guam Marine Laboratory,undefined
[21] UOG Station,undefined
[22] San Jacinto College District – Central Campus,undefined
来源：
Nature Sustainability | 2024年 / 7卷
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摘要：
Marine ecosystem declines have spurred global efforts to restore degraded habitats, manage marine life and enhance recreation opportunities by installing built structures called artificial reefs in seascapes. Evidence suggests that artificial reefs generate ecosystem services and risks, yet a fundamental ecological characteristic—the area of seafloor occupied by these constructed reefs—remains poorly quantified. Here we calculate the physical footprint (seafloor extent) of artificial reefs in the US ocean using spatial data from all 17 US coastal states with ocean reefing programmes. Our synthesis revealed that purposely sunk reef structures such as ships and concrete pipes occupy 19.23 km2 of the ocean through 2020. Over the past five decades (1970–2020), the intentional reef footprint increased 20.85-fold (~1,980%), but this rate of increase slowed in the past decade (2010–2020) to 1.12-fold (~12%). These baseline findings will inform sustainable use of built marine infrastructure and generation of ecological functions.
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页码：140 / 147
页数：7
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