Deformation Analysis Using Static, Kinematic and Dynamic Geodetic Deformation Models with GNSS: Deriner Dam, Artvin, Turkey

To serve the purpose of their establishment in a beneficial way, dams should be monitored periodically by geodetic or geotechnical methods. To this aim, in this study, geodetic deformation monitoring was conducted on the Deriner Dam, Turkey’s highest double–curvature concrete arc dam. The GNSS measurements were taken within 4 campaigns between the years 2016 and 2017. The geodetic deformation network used in this study consisted of the 12 reference and 7 object points previously set up by the DSI (The General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works). The displacements were firstly detected using the static deformation model. The kinematic deformation model based on Kalman-Filter technique was then applied to detect the displacements. Static and kinematic deformation models can successfully determine the displacements; however, they neglect load effects such as water pressure, seasonal temperature, earthquakes, etc. Therefore, a dynamic deformation model was developed based on the Kalman-Filter technique. Reservoir water level change were accepted as causative force in this deformation model. The importantly deformations were observed in the middle part of the dam. However, it was concluded that in the development of accurate prediction models for deformations in dams, a dynamic deformation model that includes the forces causing deformations may yield better results. It was revealed by the dynamic deformation model that there was a clear relationship between the dam displacements and reservoir water level change.