Enzymes phosphorylating lipids and polysaccharides

Phosphorylation plays an important role in regulation of living functions of organisms; phosphorylation may significantly alter chemical properties of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Canonical kinases catalyze transfer of terminal phosphate group from ATP (or other NTPs) to specific nucleophilic groups of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. Recently, unique kinases, catalytically active antibodies (abzymes) phosphorylating proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides have also been discovered. This review highlights biological functions and enzymatic characteristics of canonical kinases and abzymes phosphorylating lipids and polysaccharides.