Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Sargassum wightii Extract and Its Impact on Serum Biochemical Profile and Growth Response of Etroplus suratensis Juveniles

The present study focuses on the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using plant extracts as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. Aqueous seaweed extracts with the addition of iron solution were mixed using a magnetic stirrer which resulted in a color change indicating the formation of iron nanoparticles. The iron nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Sargassum wightii extract. The synthesized iron nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential techniques. The UV–Vis spectra showed a peak at 412 to 415 nm. Zeta potential revealed that the synthesized iron nanoparticles were negative and positive charges. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of chemical bond and amide group likely to be responsible for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles. The effect of nano-iron as a dietary iron source on the growth and serum biochemical profile of Etroplussuratensis fingerlings was evaluated. Iron nanoparticles were fed to E. suratensis fingerlings for 60 days with two levels 10 mg (T1) and 20 mg (T2) and a control group without iron nanoparticles. The highest WG% and SGR and lowest FCR were observed in the T2 group which is significantly different (p < 0.05) from other groups. The serum biochemical profile showed significantly increased activity on 20 mg/kg of nano-iron-supplemented diet. The findings of the present study concluded that supplementation of nano-iron at the 20 mg/kg level to the regular fish diet has a better impact not only on growth but also on the overall health of the fish.