Formation of the phase composition of nonequilibrium samples prepared by rapid solidification of oxide melts

The number of phases in an equilibrium system p composed of t components is constrained by the Gibbs phase rule, which can be written as f = t + n − p − r, where f is the number of degrees of freedom; n is the number of thermodynamic parameters, determining the conditions of the system; and r is the number of compositional restrictions. To formally apply the Gibbs phase rule to such objects, the concept of a system with negative degrees of freedom was introduced in [1]. Their existence is related to the incorrect estimate of the aforementioned system parameters or the kinetic hindrance of the processes in the sample.