Acute organ injury and long-term sequelae of severe pneumococcal infections

被引:0
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作者
Katherine L. Kruckow
Kevin Zhao
Dawn M.E. Bowdish
Carlos J. Orihuela
机构
[1] University of Alabama at Birmingham,Department of Microbiology
[2] McMaster University,McMaster Immunology Research Centre and the Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health
来源
Pneumonia | / 15卷
关键词
Pneumonia; Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD); Organ injury; Inflammation; Pneumolysin; Sequelae; Adverse cardiac events; Acute kidney injury; Mortality;
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摘要
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a major public health problem, as it is a main cause of otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis, and meningitis. Acute episodes of pneumococcal disease have been demonstrated to cause organ damage with lingering negative consequences. Cytotoxic products released by the bacterium, biomechanical and physiological stress resulting from infection, and the corresponding inflammatory response together contribute to organ damage accrued during infection. The collective result of this damage can be acutely life-threatening, but among survivors, it also contributes to the long-lasting sequelae of pneumococcal disease. These include the development of new morbidities or exacerbation of pre-existing conditions such as COPD, heart disease, and neurological impairments. Currently, pneumonia is ranked as the 9th leading cause of death, but this estimate only considers short-term mortality and likely underestimates the true long-term impact of disease. Herein, we review the data that indicates damage incurred during acute pneumococcal infection can result in long-term sequelae which reduces quality of life and life expectancy among pneumococcal disease survivors.
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