Emergency Evacuation Planning via the Point of View on the Relationship Between Crowd Density and Moving Speed

Emergency evacuation is concerning to both industry and academics. This work applied the technology of a wireless sensor network to design and propose a nonlinear mathematical model and heuristic approach to fire emergency evacuation problem. The proposed model first considers basic factors including the distribution of people in each area, possible safe exit locations, possible hazard locations, rooms, open spaces, doors, and junctions. Based on these common factors and the proposed heavy smoke diffusion, the objective of the proposed model is to evacuate all people in the shortest time through the concept of load balance coming from the relationship between crowd density and moving speed. The algorithm of simulated annealing is finally applied to solve the evacuation planning problem derived from the proposed model. Experimental results verify the efficiency of the proposed model and the resulting solution.