The onset of MHD nanofluid convection between a porous layer in the presence of purely internal heat source and chemical reaction

In many processes such as microwave heating, chemical reaction, pasteurization, sterilization, heat transfer convection is occurred by means of purely internal heating sources, instead of heating solid surfaces. This paper deals with the analysis of the onset of MHD nanofluid convection inside a porous layer in the presence of purely internal heat source and chemical reaction. The nanofluid is enclosed between two solid surfaces and also incorporates the effect of Brownian motion along with thermophoresis. The simulation is performed for three cases of thermal boundary conditions, namely (I) isothermal condition for both surfaces, (II) isothermal condition for upper surface and insulated condition for lower surface, and (III) isothermal condition for lower surface and insulated condition for upper surface. Also, for all case studies, the zero nanoparticle flux condition under the thermophoretic effects is considered at the boundaries. In this study, the effect of chemical reaction and porosity parameters on the critical heat source Rayleigh number and critical wave number is investigated. It is found that the critical heat source Rayleigh number increases with an increase in the magnetic Chandrasekhar number, chemical reaction parameter, and porosity parameter.