Asymmetric Effects of Government Spending: Does the Level of Real Interest Rates Matter?

This paper empirically explores how fiscal policy (represented by increases in government spending) has asymmetric effects on economic activity across different levels of real interest rates. It suggests that the effect of fiscal policy depends on the level of real rates because the Ricardian effect is smaller at lower financing costs of fiscal policy. Using threshold vector autoregression models on U.S. data, the paper provides new evidence that expansionary government spending is more conducive to short-term growth when real rates are low. It also finds asymmetric effects on interest rates and inflation and threshold effects associated with substitution between financing methods.