Design and synthesis of circular antenna array using artificial hummingbird optimization algorithm

Circular antenna arrays are extensively utilized in next-generation communication applications like IoT, 5G, and beamforming, although maintaining the subsidiary lobes along with directivity remains a barrier. Many conventional methods might be employed to estimate the array parameters in real-time, but they would lag in maintaining high directivity and a low side lobe level. An optimization problem is used in this study to get the requisite primary lobe orientation, inhibit the subsidiary lobe and optimize directivity. To estimate the regulating parameters in a timely way, an artificial hummingbird method is employed for the circular antenna array issue. Simulations are run, and the results are compared to those of other standard techniques. The results reveal that the artificial hummingbird method achieves great side lobe reduction while maintaining acceptable directivity. According to the dimension study, high directivity values with low side lobe levels may be attained with fewer antenna parts as well.