Cluster Routing Algorithm for Ring Based Wireless Sensor Network Using Particle Swarm and Lion Swarm Optimization

In order to solve the problem of hot spot caused by uneven energy consumption of nodes and reduce the network energy consumption, a novel Cluster Routing algorithm for ring based wireless sensor networks using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Lion Swarm Optimization (LSO) is proposed in this paper, which is called CRPL. In CRPL, the optimal cluster heads (CHs) of each ring are determined by using LSO whose fitness function considers not only energy, number of neighbor nodes, number of cluster heads but also distance. Moreover, PSO with a multi-objective fitness function considering distance, energy and cluster size is used to find the next hop relay node in the process of data transmission for each CH, so the optimal routing paths are obtained, which can alleviate the hot spot problem as well as decrease the energy consumption in the routing process. The simulation results show that, compared with the existing correlative cluster routing algorithms, CRPL has better effects in balancing the energy consumption and prolonging the lifespan of the network.