Gastroprotective Agent Rebamipide Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Gastric Epithelial Cells

Cyclooxyngease-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, and COX-2 induction plays an important role in the healing of gastric ulceration. Rebamipide is a gastroprotective agent and attenuates the activity of neutrophils. A number of reports have shown that rebamipide treatment increases PG production in the gastric mucosa {in vivo}. Although its clinical significance in ulcer healing has been demonstrated, {in vitro} evidence remains to be accumulated. Non-transformed rat gastric mucosal cells (RGM1 cells) were stimulated with rebamipide. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed time and dose-dependent transcriptional and translational stimulation of COX-2. PGE2 was also produced dose-dependently. However, marked COX-2 induction by rebamipide was transient and lasted less than 24 hr. COX-1 expression was unaltered by rebamipide. Reporter assay results confirmed the stimulation of Cox-2 promoter activity by rebamipide. In conclusion, this study provides {in vitro} evidence that rebamipide transcriptionally induces COX-2 and supports the rationale for its clinical use.