A single camera unit-based three-dimensional surface imaging technique

This paper introduces a simple three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic method using a single unit of an imaging device consisting of a charge-coupled device (CCD) and a zoom lens. Unlike conventional stereoscopy, which requires a pair of imaging devices, 3D surface imaging is achieved by 3D image reconstruction of two images obtained from two different camera positions by scanning. The experiments were performed by obtaining two images of the measurement target in two different ways: (1) by moving the object while the imaging device is stationary, and (2) by moving the imaging device while the object is stationary. Conventional stereoscopy is limited by disparity errors in 3D image reconstruction because a pair of imaging devices is not ideally identical and alignment errors are always present in the imaging system setup. The proposed method significantly reduced the disparity error in 3D image reconstruction, and the calibration process of the imaging system became simple and convenient. The proposed imaging system showed a disparity error of 0.26 in the camera pixel.