Lattice Boltzmann simulation of condensation over different cross sections and tube banks

In this paper a two-phase Lattice Boltzmann model, capable of handling large density jumps, is used to simulate the vapor filmwise condensation and dew drop sprinkling, outside different horizontal geometries. These geometries include circle, rectangle, square, and a bank of circular and rectangular tubes. In order to calculate the temperature field a passive scalar approach is combined with the Lattice Boltzmann framework and the flow field is assumed to be affected by temperature under the hypothesis of Boussinesq. Additionally, the effect of phase-change on velocity field is taken into account by adding a suitable source term to the pressure-momentum distribution equation. To simplify the model, it is assumed that the vapor remains at the saturation temperature and the amount of heat transferred through the interface is the only driving force for condensation. To demonstrate the validity of the model, the results are compared with a variety of analytical, numerical and experimental data. The validated model then is employed to study the influence of different parameters such as vapor temperature, Stefan number and Archimedes number on vapor condensation outside multiple cross sections. Finally, the condensate inundation and mean heat transfer coefficients are analyzed in horizontal tube banks.