Ultra low frequency waves impact on radiation belt energetic particles

One of the most fundamental important issues in the space physics is to understand how solar wind energy transports into the inner magnetosphere. Ultra low frequency (ULF) wave in the magnetosphere and its impact on energetic particles, such as the wave-particle resonance, modulation, and particle acceleration, are extremely important topics in the Earth’s radiation belt dynamics and solar wind—magnetospheric coupling. In this review, we briefly introduce the recent advances on ULF waves study. Further, we will explore the density structures and ion compositions around the plasmaspheric boundary layer (PBL) and discuss its possible relation to the ULF waves.