Investigation of structural properties of pure and Ce-doped barium titanate

Barium titanate powders were synthesized via solid-state reaction method with little modifications in processing route. The phase of the sample was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The pure phase was found with no traces of impurity and secondary phase. Furthermore, crystallite size, stress, and strain were calculated using Scherrer method, Williamson-Hall analysis, uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM), and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) approaches. These results are found in good agreement with FE-SEM results.