Low temperature synthesis of (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 powders by citrate process

Lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate (PLZST) powders with homogeneous composition were synthesized at a relatively low temperature of 650 °C by a citrate process based on the Pechini method. Clear aqueous solutions were prepared from inorganic salts, and citric acid was added as a chelating agent to attain precursor sols. Dried gel-precursors were calcined at different temperatures for various time. The perovskites powders were obtained at 650 °C for 1 hour. XRD and SEM results show that the powders were single-phase and ultrafine particles.