Microstructure and shear property of In-Sn-xAg solder joints fabricated by TLP bonding

Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding was applied to prepare Cu/In-Sn-xAg/Cu (x = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 wt%) solder joints, and the effect of Ag particle content on joint microstructure, shear property and growth mechanism of intermetallic compound (IMC) was studied. The results indicated that the microstructure of solder joint consists of interfacial diffusion reaction zone and particle in situ reaction zone. The IMC in interfacial diffusion reaction zone is Cu3(In, Sn) phase and the IMCs in in situ reaction zone is composed of In-rich phase + Ag particle + ζ-Ag3In + Ag3(In, Sn). With the increasing Ag particle content, the thickness of IMC layer in diffusion reaction zone is decreased, the total amount of In-rich phase and Ag3(In, Sn) phase in in situ reaction zone is decreased, the quantity of Ag particles and ζ-Ag3In phase is grew. The AgIn2 phase is a stable IMC formed as a preferential reaction because it requires less Gibbs free energy than Sn-Ag phase, and it is transformed to ζ-Ag3In phase with increasing bonding time to 10 min. The void ratio of solder joints is decreased firstly and then increased with increasing Ag content. The shear strength of the joint is increased firstly and then decreased with increasing Ag particle content, and the maximum shear strength 22.2 MPa is obtained by Cu/In-Sn-50Ag/Cu solder joints. The shear fracture mechanism of solder joints is changed from ductile–brittle mixed fracture to brittle fracture.