Review of low-temperature plasma nitrogen fixation technology

Nitrogen fixation is essential for all forms of life, as nitrogen is required to biosynthesize fundamental building blocks of creatures, plants, and other life forms. As the main method of artificial nitrogen fixation, Haber–Bosch process (ammonia synthesis) has been supporting the agriculture and chemical industries since the 1910s. However, the disadvantages inherent to the Haber–Bosch process, such as high energy consumption and high emissions, cannot be ignored. Therefore, developing a green nitrogen fixation process has always been a research hotspot. Among the various technologies, plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation technology is very promising due to its small scale, mild reaction conditions, and flexible parameters. In the present work, the basic principles of plasma nitrogen fixation technology and its associated research progress are reviewed. The production efficiency of various plasmas is summarized and compared. Eventually, the prospect of nitrogen fixation using low-temperature plasma in the future was proposed.