In spite of the decrease of its relative weight, the Latin-American rural population has never been as important as in the last decades. This situation is due to the maintenance of a demographic development rather high still and,, at the same time, to the growth of agricultural production and development of peasantry. This last one benefits today of several elements which are favorable to it: decrease of traditional very large land properties' weight, development of agricultural productions that give advantage or are adapted to it, valorization of characteristics of its own.