A retrospective study of risk factors for stress urinary incontinence 1 year after delivery in multiparous women

Introduction and hypothesis Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common postpartum disorder. In this study, we aim to identify the risk factors for SUI in multiparous women 1 year after delivery. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in multiparous women who gave birth from January 2016 to March 2018 in Peking University Third Hospital. We interviewed all of the participants with the help of The International Consultation on Incontinence questionnaire short form (ICI-Q-SF) 1 year after delivery by telephone to identify symptoms of SUI. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to assess the potential risk factors of SUI. A decision tree was used to assess the prevalence of SUI in the different subgroups. Results A total of 172 multiparous women were recruited. The prevalence of SUI was 30.2% (52/172) 1 year after delivery. In univariate analysis, maternal age >= 35 years, SUI after the first delivery, GDM and birth exclusively by vaginal delivery increased the risk for SUI 1 year after delivery. Multivariate analysis indicated that SUI after the first delivery (OR: 3.937, 95% CI: 1.764-8.787), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR: 3.754, 95% CI: 1.599-8.810) and age >= 35 years (OR: 2.964, 95% CI: 1.208-7.274) were independent risk factors for SUI 1 year after delivery. A decision tree showed that participants who had SUI after the first delivery and patients with GDM were more likely to have SUI than patients without GDM (73.3% vs. 50%). Conclusions For multiparous women, SUI after the first delivery, GDM and age >= 35 years increase the risk of SUI 1 year after delivery.